When Ian Bogost talked about that one Georgia student going for a PHD in history, it came off to me as very negative. I think before or after telling her story, he emphasized how everything is a risk, even graduate school. He explained the risk of going to graduate was the equivalent to becoming a famous athlete. The reward and loss are both extremely high. To my millennial worldview where graduate school doesn’t sound crazy (even a logical, possible next step), he sounded very cynnical on the idea of graduate school.